Polyelectrolytes pel can be produced either by chemical modification of neutral macromolecules or by polymerization of ioniccharged monomers. Yau axial dispersion correction for the goldwasser method of absolute polymer mn. Determination of molecular weight of polymers by visometry. The polyelectrolyte itself is the least abundant species by number of molecules in a dilute solution. Viscosity of polymer solutions this program contains three components. Fluids which flow easily show a low resistance to deformation. Chem355 experiment 6 viscosity of high polymer solutions a polymer is a large molecule macromolecule composed of many simple units that are called repeating units. Effect of mixed solvents on polyelectrolyte complexes with. The intrinsic viscosity is used to classify polymers and helps to identify the applications that specific polymers can be used for. In the past it was often thought that polyelectrolyte solutions were almost impossible to measure reproducibly by light scattering, especially at low ionic strength.
Fundamentals of polymer chemistry pdf 48p download book. Physical chemistry 2, chemical center, university of lund. Presence of salts factors controlling solution properties. The best controlled synthetic polymers narrow polymers used for calibrations have mwmn of 1. The selfaggregation of polyelectrolytes having nalkyln,ndimethyln2hydroxypropylammonium chloride pendant groups alkyl octyl, dodecyl, or cetyl randomly distributed along a polysaccharide backbone dextran was studied by steadystate fluorescence techniques using several free fluorescent probes or pyrenelabeled polymers and by viscometry. Intrinsic viscosity determination is used in the field of polymer chemistry, a chemistry subdiscipline which deals with the synthesis of polymers as well as the analysis of a polymers structure and properties. Chem355 experiment 6 viscosity of high polymer solutions. Viscosimetry of polymers and polyelectrolytes viscosity. Introduction to materials science, chapter 15, polymers. Inside the correlation blobs, hydrodynamic interactions are important and the.
Selective oxidation of guar gum a revisited reaction, carbohydrate polymers on deepdyve, the largest online rental service for scholarly research with thousands of academic publications available at your fingertips. Viscosimetry of polymers and polyelectrolytes wernermichael. Interaction between hydrophobically modified 2hydroxyethyl cellulose and sodium dodecyl sulfate studied by viscometry and twodimensional noe nmr spectroscopy. Lowdensity polyethylene, highdensity polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polystyrene, nylon, nylon 6, nylon 6,6, teflon, thermoplastic. We used dilute solution viscometry, specifically, measurements of intrinsic viscosity and overlap concentration to characterize two members of the carbopol family, carbopols 940 and 941. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. Chart and diagram slides for powerpoint beautifully designed chart and diagram s for powerpoint with visually stunning graphics and animation effects. The hydrodynamic volume a polymer molecule occupies at a certain finite concentration c divided by that. Determination of polymerpolymer miscibility by viscometry. This laboratory handbook offers clear guidelines and tips for the practical everyday application of viscosimetry, as well as supplying a comprehensive companion for the interpretation of viscosimetric data from simple to complex polymer solutions. Acces pdf viscosimetry of polymers and polyelectrolytes springer laboratory laboratory, it is entirely simple then, since currently we extend the join to buy and make bargains to download and install. Mather b, a department of chemical and biomolecular engineering, the university of melbourne, parkville 3010, victoria, australia. Our new crystalgraphics chart and diagram slides for powerpoint is a collection of over impressively designed datadriven chart and editable diagram s guaranteed to impress any audience.
Selfaggregation of amphiphilic cationic polyelectrolytes. Polyelectrolytes pes are polymers having many covalently bonded ionizable groups. These groups dissociate in polar solvents into macroions and small. These groups will dissociate in aqueous solutions water, making the polymers charged. For example, in systems containing polyelectrolytes the stability of the complexes depends on the ph of the medium since the interactions of the binding sites with the solvent and the conformation of the polyelectrolytes are affected greatly by ph. Determination of the molecular weight of a polymer from intrinsic viscosity measurements fig.
Polyelectrolytes, single molecule experiments etc to probe the dynamics of polymer chains. Polyelectrolytes are polymers whose repeating units bear an electrolyte group. Advincula university of houston polyelectrolytes and nanoparticles. Electrooptical studies on synthetic polyelectrolytes iii. Viscosimetry of polymers and polyelectrolytes springer. Several studies have been reported 15 on interpolymer complexations between hydrogen bond. Ppt theories of polyelectrolytes powerpoint presentation. Many methods are available for measuring viscosity of polymer solution. Balke the chevron approach to gpc axial dispersion correction wallace w. Extra salt addition presents a smaller effect for star shape. Nevertheless a general knowledge of the broad behavioral spectrum of polymer solutions is of outmost importance for the right handling of viscometric equipment and the interpretation of data.
Viscosimetry of polymers and polyelectrolytes werner. The variation in this ratio is representative of the swelling equilibria. Capillary viscometry measurements with solutions of a 3arm star polymer poly2 methacryloyloxyethyl trimethylammonium iodide in pure water and in different saline solvents have shown a number of differences to the analogous behavior of the linear polycation. The transition from typical polyelectrolyte to polysoap. Because polyelectrolytes dissociate counterions, their solutions have at least three components. Electrostatic forces between macroions and small ions determine the characteristics of a pe in the solution. Determination of the molecular weight of a polymer from lec. The intrinsic viscosity of the 3arm star polymer in water is lower than of corresponding linear chains. The different techniques are used for the determination of molecular weight of polymers such as gpc, light scattering, endgroup analysis, mass spectrometry, ebulliometry and cryometry etc.
Exams exam 1 time and date will be specified very likely in late february exam 2 early part of april final exam week of april 26 student paper students have to prepare a research proposal based on the course that can be sent out for evaluation. While it is true that the scattering from polyelectrolyte solutions. Correlation length, tube diameter, and chain size of neutral polymers in good solvent, neutral polymers in. Quantitation in analysis of polymers by multiple detector sec bernd trathnigg use of multidetector sec for determining local polydispersity t. Properties of polyelectrolytes are similar both to electrolytes salts and polymers highmolecular weight compounds, and are sometimes called polysalts. Viscosity of polymer solutions journal of chemical education abstracts for volume 5a, number 2. Viscometry is to this day an easy accessible but at the same time significant analytical method for the characterization of polymers in solution and is therefore widely used in pharmaceutical, medical and polymer processing industries as well as in research institutes and universities. Synthetic polymers are humanmade polymers derived from petroleum oil. Polymers free fulltext evaluation of the performance of. Polyelectrolyte solution rheology partially quaternized poly2vinyl pyridine in ethylene glycol cc reduces all polyelectrolyte specific viscosity data on dilute and semidilute unentangled solutions to a common functional form with for and with for s. The specific field of viscometry covers ideally viscous fluids, and considering certain restrictions also viscoelastic liquids, i. Determination of molecular weight of polymers by ostwald viscometry slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising.
Sec is relatively quick and a ordable in obtaining data regarding the size or molar mass of a polymer with good repeatability. Viscometry allows for a fast and lowpriced determination of relevant parameters such as solution structure, viscosity or molar mass. Amphiphilic telechelics with polyhedral oligosilsesquioxane poss endgroups. Polydispersity index mw mn the larger the polydispersity index, the broader the molecular weight. A single polymer molecule may consist of hundreds to a million monomers. Koehler, the glidden company, member of ici paints 16651 sprague rd. A single polymer molecule may consist of hundreds to a million monomers and may have a linear, branched, or network structure. High molecular weight polymers greatly increase the viscosity of liquids in which they are dissolved. Dilute solution viscometry byoungsuhk kim a, patrick t. Viscometric access to coil dimensions and salt effects article pdf available in rsc advances 535 march 2015 with 120 reads how we measure reads. The freeradical solution polymerization of charged monomers follows the usual mechanism of radical chain polymerization.
Rheological properties of multisticker associative polyelectrolytes in semidilute aqueous solutions piotr kujawa,1,2 annie audiberthayet,3 joseph selb,1 franc. These measured quantities were then used to calculate the swollentodry volume ratios for both resins over a range of ionic strengths. Sep 11, 2014 determination of molecular weight of polymers by ostwald viscometry slideshare uses cookies to improve functionality and performance, and to provide you with relevant advertising. Viscosity is an internal property of a fluid that offers resistance to flow.
Amphiphilic telechelics with polyhedral oligosilsesquioxane. In the case of papermaking, flocculation is the most important phenomena of the wetend stage since it affects process efficiency and the quality of the final product 1,2,3,4,5,6. Viscometry is the simplest technique used to study the macromolecules in solution and determine their molecular weight. Polymer molecular weight distribution and definitions of mw. The viscometric behavior of poly1vinyl2pyrrolidonecomaleic acid samples of different molecular mass values determined by absolute methods 1,2 was studied in dilute saltfree aqueous. Review article separation and characterization of synthetic. The book can be recommended to scientists, technicians, or anyone working with polymer solutions, polyelectrolytes, and biopolymers such as hydrocolloids and proteins. Polyelectrolytes pel are widely used to achieve efficient solidliquid separation in many industries.
A read is counted each time someone views a publication summary such as the title, abstract, and list of authors, clicks on a figure, or views or downloads the fulltext. Determination of viscosity average molecular weight of. Determine the viscosity average molecular weight of a polymer. Polyelectrolytes polymers with a high density of ionic groups covalently bonded along the chain properties in solution depend on. Viscosimetry of polymers and polyelectrolytes free download as pdf file. Molecular weight determination of polymers by viscometry. Polymer molecular weight measurement, special case i. A monodisperse polymer where all the chain lengths are equal such as a protein has an mwmn 1. Determination of intrinsic viscosities of macromolecules and. Structure and linear viscoelasticity of flexible polymer. The use of dilute solution viscometry to characterize the. Viscosimetry of polymers and polyelectrolytes request pdf. The phase of the final material has been conventionally hypothesized to be undoubtedly dominated by the nature of polyelectrolyte chain components 18, 2426. These groups dissociate in aqueous solutions water, making the polymers charged.
Viscosimetry of polymers and polyelectrolytes springer laboratory. A viscosity study of polyelectrolytes in the presence of. Chemical structures of two synthetic polyelectrolytes, as. Electrostatic forces between macroions and small ions determine the characteristics of a pe. Physical chemistry of polyelectrolytes springerlink.
Interaction of ionomers and polyelectrolytes with divalent. The increase in viscosity is caused by strong internal friction between the randomly coiled and swollen macromolecules and the surrounding solvent molecules. Stela draan and luminita ghimici, cationic polyelectrolytes, xi. The focus of viscosimetry of polymers and polyelectrolytes goes beyond an extended introduction by addressing experimental requirements and a comprehensive interpretation. Density of liquids, viscosity of liquids, and viscosity of polymer solutions. A novel approach is developed to determine polymerpolymer miscibility by viscometry. The method is derived from the classical huggins equation, and rests on the validity of an addivity law pertaining to intrinsic viscosity. Viscometry molecular weight is very important factor for the characterization of polymers. Rheology of polymers che 402 prelab lecture on theory of intrinsic viscosity of polymers. These groups dissociate in polar solvents into macroions and small counterions. Polyelectrolytes are polymers whose repeating units bear an ionizable functional group. Feb 09, 2004 this laboratory handbook offers clear guidelines and tips for the practical everyday application of viscosimetry, as well as supplying a comprehensive companion for the interpretation of viscosimetric data from simple to complex polymer solutions.
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